Site overview

Little Cressingham Mill is a combined wind and water mill on Fairstead Lane, Little Cressingham. It was rebuilt around 1821 on a site with earlier milling history and is listed at Grade II*. The six-storey windmill tower was built above a watermill arrangement, with two pairs of stones driven by the sails in the upper storeys and two further pairs driven by an iron breast-shot waterwheel below.

The tower had patent sails, a boat-shaped cap, petticoat, gallery and six-bladed fantail. Wind working ended after tailwinding damage in 1916, and the sails were removed around 1920. The cap, stage and upper machinery were removed around 1940, while water and engine working continued until 1952.

The surviving structure retains important machinery, including waterwheel, stones, bins and sack-hoist equipment.

Map

Map markers and directions links are provided for location reference only and do not indicate public access or permission to enter a site.
No site photograph is currently available. Images will be added as field visits are carried out.

History

Little Cressingham Mill stands on Fairstead Lane beside Watton Brook. The supplied coordinates correspond to Little Cressingham rather than Watton. Norfolk Mills records that the site has earlier milling associations, with two mills listed in the parish in Domesday, and that the present combined wind and water mill was rebuilt in 1821.

The watermill was a single-storey brick building with a slate roof and an iron breast-shot waterwheel measuring 12 feet in diameter and 6 feet wide. The windmill was a six-storey tower, about 50 feet high, arranged so that two pairs of wind-powered stones worked in the upper storeys while two further pairs of stones in the lower part of the structure were driven by the waterwheel. The pale grey brick tower had four patent sails, each with eight bays of three shutters, a boat-shaped cap with petticoat, a gallery and a six-bladed fantail.

The third-floor meal floor carried a wooden reefing stage and the stop-chamfered lower section of the upright shaft. Machinery included a wooden clasp-arm spur wheel, peak and French burr stones, an oat crusher, a Tattershall Half-sack Midget Mill and a wheat cleaner. One pair of sails was lost in 1911, and severe tailwinding in 1916 ended the mill's commercial wind-powered life.

The sails were finally removed around 1920, with one pair later installed on Carbrooke towermill. The cap, stage and top machinery were removed around 1940. Historic England lists the building as the Wind and Water Mill, Grade II*, first listed on 9 July 1951, and describes the surviving battered circular tower, attached waterwheel house, rebuilt timber gallery, breast-shot iron waterwheel, surviving stones, timber wind-driven spur wheel, bins and sack-hoist machinery.

Norfolk County Council records that the mill used waterpower and an engine until 1952.

Timeline

1821

Combined mill rebuilt

Little Cressingham Mill was rebuilt around 1821 as a combined wind and water mill.
1911

Pair of sails lost

One pair of sails was lost in 1911.
1916

Wind working ended

Severe tailwinding damaged the mill beyond commercial wind-powered repair.
1920

Sails removed

The sails were removed around 1920, with one pair later used on Carbrooke towermill.
1940

Upper machinery removed

The cap, stage and top machinery were removed around 1940.
1951

Mill listed Grade II*

The Wind and Water Mill at Little Cressingham was first listed at Grade II* on 9 July 1951.
1952

Water and engine working ended

Norfolk County Council records that the mill used waterpower and an engine until 1952.

Sources and records

Norfolk Mills page: Little Cressingham towermill
Historic England list entry: Wind and Water Mill, Little Cressingham
Norfolk Heritage Explorer record: Little Cressingham Mill
Norfolk County Council page: Little Cressingham Mill
Windmill World entry: Little Cressingham windmill